Celebrating International Dance Day – April 29, 2024
On April 29, we celebrate International Dance Day, a global tribute to the art of movement. Whether we’re twirling on the dance floor or marveling at professional performances, dance unites us across cultures and continents. Its exhilarating rhythms and impressive forms captivate our hearts.
Dance, an ancient cultural expression, traces back thousands of years to the earliest human communities. Evidence of dancing dates as far back as 30,000 years ago. Over time, diverse dances have transformed and merged, giving rise to the well-known genres we cherish today.
From ballet to ballroom, salsa to street, dance graces stages worldwide. Beyond entertainment, it serves as a joyful outlet for self-expression and a means for people of all ages and body types to stay fit and healthy. International Dance Day, observed annually on April 29, commemorates the birthday of Jean-Georges Noverre, the visionary behind modern ballet. This day transcends political, cultural, and ethnic boundaries, uniting us all in a common language: the language of dance. Let’s celebrate this universal art form and explore its rich history and evolution into the genres we know and love.
What Role Does Dance Play in Our Society?
Dance, a timeless expression, weaves itself into the fabric of human culture, rituals, and celebrations. This captivating art form not only fuels creativity but also nurtures both mind and body. Let’s explore its multifaceted roles in today’s society:
1. Ceremonial Dance:
- These dances emerge from ancient traditions, performed during rituals or life celebrations.
- Across the globe, they accompany worship or mark significant events.
- Take, for instance, the unique British tradition of Morris dancing. It graces seasonal festivals, banishing winter’s darkness, celebrating summer’s warmth and fertility, and welcoming autumn’s golden harvest.
- Other examples include classical Indian dances, war dances, corroboree, Căluşari, and the vibrant dances of Native American and West African cultures.
2. Recreational Dance:
- Picture dance as a canvas for entertainment, fitness, and sheer joy.
- Social dancing, devoid of rigid structure, lets individuals express their unique personalities.
- Here, form and technique take a backseat, allowing dancers to revel in the sheer delight of movement.
- Ballroom, line dancing, aerobic dance, and dance as a hobby all fall under this category.
3. Artistic Expression:
- This form of dance transcends mere steps; it becomes a language of emotion, feeling, and ideas.
- Performed on concert stages or in theatrical settings, it captivates audiences.
- Ballet, tap dance, and modern dance are powerful vehicles for artistic expression.
- Across cultures, rhythmic, patterned, and improvised body movements convey stories, connecting us to our shared human heritage.
So, whether we’re twirling in celebration, grooving for fun, or expressing our innermost selves, dance remains an enduring thread that unites us all.
Dance transcends linguistic boundaries, serving as a universal mode of expression. Through non-verbal cues like facial expressions, posture, and body language, it becomes a medium to convey personal narratives and exchange concepts. This universal art form not only dismantles language barriers but also fosters communication between diverse cultures, opening avenues for connection and understanding.
What are the Health Benefits of Dancing?
Dancing is a great way to get fit and stay healthy. People of any age and ability can use dance to improve fitness, muscle tone, strength and endurance, and it’s a great way to make new friends too. Here are some of the physical and mental benefits that can be associated with dancing:
- Healthier Heart and Lungs:
- As you dance, your heart pumps faster, enhancing cardiovascular health.
- Deep breaths during dance routines improve lung capacity.
- Improved Muscle Tone and Strength:
- Dancing engages various muscle groups, sculpting and toning your body.
- From salsa hips to ballet leaps, muscles get a workout.
- Increased Endurance and Aerobic Fitness:
- Dance routines boost stamina and endurance.
- The rhythmic flow elevates aerobic fitness levels.
- Better Coordination, Agility, and Flexibility:
- Precise movements enhance coordination and agility.
- Stretching and bending during dance routines promote flexibility.
- Improved Balance and Spatial Awareness:
- Balancing on one leg during pirouettes sharpens stability.
- Dance heightens spatial awareness—knowing where your body is in space.
- Stronger Bones and Reduced Osteoporosis Risk:
- Weight-bearing dance steps strengthen bones.
- Reduced risk of osteoporosis keeps your skeleton sturdy.
- Greater Self-Confidence and Self-Esteem:
- Mastering dance steps boosts confidence.
- The applause after a performance? A self-esteem booster!
- Weight Management:
- Dancing burns calories, aiding weight control.
- Plus, it’s more fun than a treadmill!
- Better Social Skills:
- Dance classes foster connections.
- You’ll groove alongside fellow enthusiasts, forming friendships.
- Additional Benefits:
- Increased Circulation: Dancing gets blood flowing, benefiting overall health.
- Reduced Blood Pressure: Regular dance sessions contribute to lower blood pressure.
- Stress Reduction: Swirling away stress—dance does it beautifully.
- Gross Motor Skill Development in Children: Little dancers refine motor skills.
What are the 10 Most Popular Types of Dance?
Let’s take a look at where some of the most popular types of dance originated, and how each plays a part in modern culture.
- Ballet
- Ballroom
- Contemporary Dance
- Hip-Hop Dance
- Jazz Dance
- Tap Dance
- Folk Dance
- Irish Dance
- Modern Dance
- Swing Dance
1. Ballet
Ballet, originating during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century, has evolved into a highly technical form of performance dance. It boasts its own vocabulary and has significantly influenced dance genres and cultures worldwide. Ballets, choreographed and performed by trained dancers, combine music and movement. Traditional classical ballets feature elaborate costumes and staging, often accompanied by classical music. In contrast, modern ballets favor simplicity, foregoing elaborate sets and scenery.
This captivating art form gained popularity beyond Italy, spreading to countries like France and Russia. Today, four main ballet styles are taught and performed globally: Classical, Neoclassical, Contemporary, and Romantic. Each style brings its unique flair to the stage.
Ballet’s evolution continued as it transitioned from Renaissance Italy to France and Russia. Concert performances, choreographed to classical music, became the hallmark of ballet. Productions ranged from opulent costumes and grand staging to minimalist designs. The dance form now encompasses various subgenres, including classic, romantic, neoclassical, and contemporary.
Professional ballet training follows recognized methods such as the Cecchetti, Bournonville, Vaganova, French School, Royal Academy of Dance, and Balanchine techniques, as dance schools worldwide prioritize these methods.
2. Ballroom
Ballroom dance, originating in sixteenth-century France, encompasses a captivating array of European partner dances. These dances are cherished both socially and competitively worldwide, celebrated for their performance and entertainment value. Beyond the dance floor, ballroom’s allure extends to stages, films, and television screens.
The term “ballroom” finds its roots in the Latin and Italian words “ballare” (to dance) and “room” (referring to the dance hall). Initially, it denoted not only the activity but also the grand halls where these elegant dances unfolded. Over time, ballroom evolved into two primary subgenres: standard/smooth and Latin/rhythm.
Within these categories, a delightful array of dances awaits:
Waltz
A slow and graceful partner dance introduced in the mid-19th century, it was greatly popularised by the music of famous composer Johann Strauss. Today, the waltz is the most famous dance in ballrooms around the world.
Viennese Waltz
This is the name given to the original form of waltz, first performed at the Italian courts. It’s much faster than the more famous “English Slow Waltz”, and it was the first genre of dance to introduce “closed hold” between performers.
Cha-Cha
This incredibly rhythmic dance is of Cuban origin, and it is danced to the music of the same name, introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950’s. The name comes from the shuffling sound of the dancers’ feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps that characterise the dance.
Tango
Originating in the 1880’s along the Río de la Plata—the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay—tango is a partner dance which was born in the poverty-stricken port areas, in neighbourhoods which had predominantly African descendants. Today, it’s recognised for its sensual and energetic style.
Rumba
Since its creation in the 1930’s, many types of rumba have been created, most famously Cuban Rumba, Catalan Rumba, Flamenco Rumba and African Rumba. The dance focuses on sensual hip movements, and when it came to England, the anglicised spelling “rhumba” became widely used to distinguish this ballroom dance from traditional Cuban rumba.
Mambo
This up-tempo dance appeared in Cuba in the late 1930’s, accompanied by the music of the same name. And by 1950 it had taken the Latin dance world by storm, replacing rumba in the United States, as the most fashionable Latin Dance.
Jive
One of the most popular Latin dances, and one of the liveliest, the jive consists of lots of hip rocking and knee movements. The dance style originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930’s, and its official ballroom variation was formalized in the 90’s.
Quickstep
Light-hearted and fast-paced, the quickstep is one of the most popular ballroom dances around the world today. This powerful dance style was originally developed in the 1920’s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers. Its origins are a combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston, and the glamorous version that is dance today was standardised in 1927.
Ballroom dance thrives as a competitive pursuit, known as dancesport, with global competitions drawing participants from all corners of the world. From its historical origins to its modern-day prominence, ballroom continues to enchant audiences and inspire dancers. Television shows have played a pivotal role in introducing this genre to new generations, ensuring that its timeless elegance endures.
3. Contemporary Dance
Contemporary dance, born in the mid-twentieth century, has blossomed into a dominant genre for formally trained dancers worldwide. Its popularity resonates particularly in the U.S. and Europe. While initially influenced by classical, modern, and jazz styles, contemporary dance now weaves together elements from diverse dance forms.
Technically akin to modern dance, ballet, and other classical concert styles, contemporary dance marries the controlled legwork of ballet with modern dance’s emphasis on the torso. It embraces contract-release, floor work, fall and recovery, and improvisation—a rich tapestry of movement. Unpredictable shifts in rhythm, speed, and direction add intrigue to performances.
Beyond Western traditions, contemporary dance draws inspiration from non-Western cultures. African dance contributes bent knees, while Japanese contemporary dance (Butoh) infuses its unique essence.
This intricate modern performance art emerged in the mid-twentieth century, borrowing from classical ballet, modern styles, and jazz dance. Today, contemporary dance stands as one of the most technically demanding forms, studied and performed professionally across the U.S. and Europe. Its evolution integrates elements from classical, modern, and jazz dance, creating a dynamic fusion.
Strong torso and legwork, coupled with contract-release dynamics, fall and recovery sequences, and floor work, define contemporary dance. Audiences revel in its unpredictable shifts in speed and rhythm – a mesmerizing journey through movement and expression.
4. Hip-Hop Dance
Hip-hop dance, born on the vibrant streets of New York City in the late 1960s, draws inspiration from African movements. It swiftly emerged as a fresh style, blending elements of modern dance, tap, and swing. Rooted in urban culture, hip-hop dance pulsates to the beat of hip-hop music, inviting freestyle creativity. Its three primary styles—breaking (East Coast), popping, and locking (West Coast)—propelled hip-hop into the dominant and sought-after dance form it is today.
A close cousin, Funk, also emerged during the 1970s. Originating in California, Funk styles—aptly named for their original funk music accompaniment—stand as influential pieces within hip-hop dance. Notably, Funk styles diverge from breaking, which traditionally syncs with break beats.
Hip-hop dance encompasses an array of street styles, deeply intertwined with hip-hop music and culture. Its roots trace back to the early 1970s in New York and California, evolving alongside Funk and the rise of breakbeat music.
The main hip-hop styles include:
Breakdance
One of the most athletic dances in the world, breakdancing became popular in the 1970’s as a street dance in New York. Since then, it has spread all around the world where it’s viewed as one of the most unique dance styles ever made. Usually danced solo, dancers perform a series of either choreographed or freeform dance and athletic movements alongside breakbeat, hip-hop or funk music.
Locking
Funk dance is incredibly diverse, and one of its famous variations is ‘locking’. This style of hip-hop dance sees the dancer suddenly stop and hold the position (or get locked) in the middle of dance routines, and then suddenly resume the dance. It requires full body motion, but most of the dance is focused on the top half of the body.
Popping
Another popular funk dance style, ‘popping’ requires dancers to master controlled and quick contrasting and relaxing of muscles that create the feeling of a jerk throughout the body. This jerk is referred to as ‘pop’ or ‘hit’ and can be used to create dance routines and movements.
From these foundational styles, derivative forms emerged, such as Memphis Jookin’, Turfing, Jerkin’, and Krumping. These captivating dances gained prominence through music videos, catapulting hip-hop into the mainstream.
Today, hip-hop thrives in outdoor spaces, dance studios, and competitive arenas. Unlike many formal dance styles, hip-hop celebrates improvisation, with crews engaging in spirited dance battles—a testament to its raw energy and urban roots.
5. Jazz Dance
Jazz dance, born in the mid-twentieth century in the United States, encompasses a rich tapestry of styles. It draws inspiration from African American vernacular dances that evolved alongside jazz music. Let’s explore this captivating dance form:
- Vernacular Jazz: This type weaves together ragtime moves, Charleston, Lindy hop, and mambo. Pioneering performers like The Whitman Sisters, Florence Mills, Ethel Waters, Al Minns, Leon James, Frankie Manning, Norma Miller, Dawn Hampton, and Katherine Dunham breathed life into vernacular jazz.
- Dramatic Jazz: On the show stage, visionaries like Jack Cole, Bob Fosse, Eugene Louis Faccuito, and Gus Giordano elevated jazz dance. Their choreography resonated with audiences, bridging entertainment and artistry.
The term “jazz dance” has taken on diverse meanings. Hollywood films and Broadway productions associated it with the iconic choreography of Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins. Meanwhile, colleges and universities introduced jazz dance classes set to pop music, often straying from its jazz roots.
Jazz dance traces its roots to seventeenth-century African traditions, carried across the Atlantic by enslaved individuals. These vibrant movements persisted in Brazil, the U.S., and beyond By early twentieth-century, jazz clubs witnessed the rise of jazz dancing. Its hallmark features include improvisation and dramatic body expressions. Notable styles emerged such as:
- Shimmy: Inspired by jazz pianist Spencer Williams’ song “Shim-Me-Sha-Wabble,” the shimmy involves rapid shoulder alternations while holding the body still.
- Charleston: Known for its “toes-in, heels-out twisting steps.”
- Lindy Hop: A wild and spontaneous partner dance.
Amid the Great Depression, dance provided joy without financial burden. Swing dancing surged in 1930s and 1940s America, laying the foundation for other styles like disco, country line dancing, and hip-hop. Today, jazz dance thrives, celebrating its vibrant history and dynamic evolution.
Different types of jazz dance include:
Charleston
This extremely popular dance type is named after the harbour city of Charleston, South Carolina. The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called “The Charleston” by composer/pianist James P. Johnson, and it became one of the most popular hits of the decade. ‘Scandalous’ men and women shed the stuffy etiquette of their parents’ generation and wanted to flap their arms, kick up their heels and let loose – hence the term ‘flappers’.
Boogie-woogie
A playful and improvised partner dance, Boogie-woogie is commonly fasted paced, high energy and is famous for its spectacular footwork. A form of swing dance, it became widely popular during the 1930’s. The step variation for boogie dance is a combination of six and eight count with sharp, quick movements.
Disco
Disco dance emerged during the 1970’s, with dances like Bump, Hustle, Robot, Boogaloo and Watergate, reaching its popularity peak with the release of the blockbuster film “Saturday Night Fever.” Latin dances such as the samba, cha cha, and tango inspired many of the popular disco moves. It’s said that disco music has since influenced electronic dance music and house music.
6. Tap Dance
Tap dance, also known simply as tap, is a captivating form of dance that reverberates with the rhythmic beats of shoes striking the floor. These percussive sounds create their own unique music, whether accompanied by tunes or performed a cappella. Rooted in African-American culture, tap dance evolved alongside the emergence of jazz music. It’s a fusion of step dance traditions, blending Southern American and Irish influences. Imagine British soft-shoe and hard-shoe step dances interwoven with both slave and freeman step styles. This captivating blend of African rhythms and European footwork techniques gave birth to tap dance.
The origins of tap date back to the mid-17th century, but it truly gained popularity in the mid-19th century. Two prominent versions of tap dance exist: rhythm (jazz) tap and Broadway tap. Let’s explore them:
Rhythm Tap: Practitioners of rhythm tap consider themselves part of the jazz tradition. Their focus lies in musicality, creating intricate rhythms through their footwork. The sound emanates from shoes equipped with metal “taps” on both the heel and toe. Each pair of shoes produces a distinct auditory signature.
Broadway Tap: This style takes center stage in musical theater. Dancers emphasize choreography and formations, seamlessly integrating tap sequences into captivating performances. Think of iconic tap stars like Shirley Temple, Gene Kelly, and Fred Astaire, who masterfully blended tap with ballroom dance.
The roots of tap run deep. During the early 19th century in the United States, enslaved individuals faced the loss of traditional African percussion instruments. In response, they turned to percussive dancing as a means of self-expression and cultural preservation. Fast forward to the 1930s, and tap dance sequences became a staple in movies and television, leaving an indelible mark on entertainment history.
When a tap dancer takes the floor, the distinctive “tap” resonates – a testament to creativity, rhythm, and the enduring spirit of this remarkable art form. Whether it’s flamenco, classical, or postmodern tap, the magic lies in those percussive steps that echo through time.
7. Folk Dance
Folk dance, a vibrant expression of cultural identity, mirrors the lives of people in specific countries or regions. Not all ethnic dances fall under the folk dance umbrella. Ritual dances, distinct in purpose, are often referred to as “religious dances.” The terms “ethnic” and “traditional” come into play when emphasizing dance’s cultural roots. In essence, nearly all folk dances have ethnic origins. While some dances, like the lively polka, transcend ethnic boundaries and even blur the line between “folk” and “ballroom dance,” their unique cultural flavors remain pronounced.
Celebrated globally, folk dances manifest in countless variations and styles. They weave together the rich tapestry of cultural heritage and ethnic history. Picture dance gatherings where performers, accompanied by traditional regional music, breathe life into these captivating forms. Let’s explore a few well-known folk dances:
- Bharatanatyam (India): This classical Indian dance form tells stories through intricate movements, hand gestures, and expressive facial expressions. It’s a celebration of mythology, spirituality, and grace.
- Samba (Brazil): Developed in the 1950’s, samba is a famous dance and musical genre that emerged when people were transported to Brazil from Africa to work as slaves in the mines and sugar plantations. They brought aspects of their musical culture with them. Today, the infectious rhythm of samba is regarded as the national dance of Brazil.
- Hula (Hawaii): Rooted in Hawaiian culture, hula combines graceful hand motions with swaying hips. It narrates legends, nature, and the island way of life.
Across cultures and religions, folk dancers use these diverse forms to convey emotions, historical events, and everyday experiences. In South Korea, individual folk dances mark victories in war, farming milestones, music, and religious ceremonies. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or a curious beginner, folk dances beckon at public events, inviting everyone to join the rhythmic celebration. And as the music plays, the heart of tradition beats on.
8. Irish Dance
Irish dance, a captivating tapestry of tradition, weaves together solo and group performances, resonating with social, competitive, and artistic fervor. Its roots run deep, drawing from native Irish dance, English country dancing, and perhaps even French quadrilles. As the 19th century unfolded, Irish dance gained prominence in both Britain and Ireland.
Solo Irish Dance:
- Irish Stepdance: This iconic form, popularized by shows like Riverdance, transcends cultural boundaries. Dancers, hailing from diverse backgrounds, compete with precision. Their rigid upper bodies contrast with intricate footwork—a mesmerizing blend.
- Sean-nós Dance: A relaxed, social style, sean-nós invites improvisation. It’s a conversation between dancer and rhythm, echoing the spirit of community.
- Festival Irish Dance: Breaking away from step dance in the mid-20th century, festival Irish dance celebrates joy and camaraderie.
Group Irish Dance:
- Ceili Dance: Whether competitive or social, ceili unites two to sixteen dancers. Traditional or codified steps create a lively tapestry. Simplicity in footwork allows the figures and formations to shine.
- Set Dance: Rooted in social traditions, set dance brings four dancers together. Its intricate footwork echoes the spirit of step dance.
Across the globe, Irish dancing captivates hearts. From Riverdance stages to festive gatherings, footwork intertwines with music, creating a symphony of culture. Talented dancers vie for trophies, medals, and the sheer joy of expression. While group performances are familiar, solo Irish dances—like the spirited stepdance—hold their own, leaving an indelible mark on the world’s stage.
9. Modern Dance
Modern dance, a broad genre of concert and theatrical dance, emerged primarily in Europe and the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It rejected classical ballet and served as a platform to express social concerns related to socioeconomic and cultural factors.
In the late 19th century, pioneering modern dance artists like Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, and Loie Fuller explored improvisational or free dance, breaking away from ballet’s rigid movement vocabulary. They discarded corsets and pointe shoes, seeking greater freedom of movement.
Throughout the 20th century, sociopolitical issues, historical events, and the rise of other art forms influenced modern dance’s evolution in the United States and Europe. By the 1960s, postmodern dance emerged, rejecting formalism and incorporating elements like performance art, contact improvisation, and release technique.
American modern dance can be categorized into three eras:
- Early Modern (c. 1880–1923): Artists like Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey brought radical changes, but distinct techniques hadn’t fully emerged.
- Central Modern (c. 1923–1946): Choreographers aimed to develop distinctively American styles and created recognizable dance training systems.
- Late Modern (c. 1946–1957): Abstractionism and avant-garde movements paved the way for postmodern dance.
Modern dance continues to evolve, with artists like Graham and Horton leaving lasting techniques. It’s a free dance style, relying on the dancer’s interpretation of music and emotions.
Initially born as a reaction against classical ballet’s limitations, modern dance now allows participants worldwide to express themselves without strict technical constraints. Dancers choose music and use unconventional movements to convey emotions and tell meaningful stories.
10. Swing Dance
Swing dance, a vibrant genre of social dances, evolved alongside swing jazz music during the 1920s–1940s. Its roots predate the popular “swing era,” and it encompasses a rich variety of styles, including Charleston, Balboa, Lindy Hop, and Collegiate Shag.
The Lindy Hop, originating in Harlem during the early 1930s, stands out as the most well-known swing dance. While many swing dances emerged from African-American communities, some, like Balboa, developed beyond these boundaries.
Historically, the term “swing dance” primarily referred to the style of jazz music that inspired the dance’s evolution. Jitterbug, often synonymous with the six-count derivative of Lindy Hop known as “East Coast Swing”, also falls under the swing dance umbrella. Swing dancers might prefer Lindy Hop, Shag, or other swing styles. The term gained fame through swing-era band leader Cab Calloway, who humorously described dancers as “a bunch of jitterbugs” due to their lively movements.
Beyond traditional swing dances, the label “swing dancing” extends to other styles, including West Coast Swing, Carolina Shag, East Coast Swing, Hand Dancing, Jive, Rock and Roll, and Modern Jive—all developed during the 1940s and later. In Europe, a strong tradition of social and competitive boogie woogie and Rock ‘n’ Roll complements local swing dance cultures.
Swing, a dynamic response to the rising popularity of swing jazz in America, emerged as a variation of jazz dance during the 1920s–1940s. With the evolving music of the Jazz era, swing dancing embraced faster, more vigorous movements. Popular forms like the Lindy Charleston, the Jitterbug, Lindy Hop, and the Balboa continue to captivate audiences today. These energetic dances often accompanied the lively melodies of Big Band musicians, creating a smooth and exhilarating experience on the dance floor.
How Can I Get Started With Dancing?
Feeling inspired? There are lots of places where you can enjoy dancing; at dance schools, social venues, or even in your own home. Dancing is a popular way to get fit, and dance-based classes are now available in most fitness clubs and gyms. Dancing can be done both socially and competitively. And it can be practiced individually, with a partner or in groups.
Anyone of any age can take up dancing, so to get started, simply search online for a dance class near you. Or try a few online videos to get a feel for what sort of dance style you like the look of.
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