Scandinavian Wonders: Must-See Nordic Destinations
Embark on a journey to the heart of the North, where myth intertwines with reality and nature’s majesty reigns supreme, as we explore the enchanting lands of Scandinavia. Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or setting foot on Nordic soil for the first time, our guide promises to illuminate the path to the most awe-inspiring sights. Prepare to be captivated by the legacy of the Vikings, the dramatic silhouettes of towering mountains, the serene beauty of elongated fjords, and the cascading elegance of waterfalls that seem to spring from the pages of fairy tales.
Table of Contents
- Copenhagen
- Christiansborg Palace
- Rosenborg Castle
- Frederiksborg Castle
- North Zealand (Danish Riviera)
- Kronborg Castle
- Reykjavík
- Thingvellir
- The Great Geysir
- Gullfoss Waterfall
- Seljalandsfoss
- Skógafoss
- Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach
- Blue Lagoon
- Reykjavik Art Museum
- Reykjavik Family Park & Zoo
Denmark
Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark’s capital, is its largest city with around 660,000 people in the city and 1.4 million in the surrounding area. Located on Zealand and Amager islands, it’s linked to Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund Bridge.
The city’s origins date back to a Viking fishing settlement founded in the 10th century near today’s Gammel Strand. By the early 15th century, Copenhagen had risen to become Denmark’s capital. In the 16th century, it was the heart of the Kalmar Union, ruling over the Nordic region with Sweden and Norway. The Renaissance saw Copenhagen grow as Scandinavia’s cultural and economic hub, and by the 17th century, it was a significant regional power, central to Denmark’s government and military.
Despite hardships like the 1807 British bombardment during the Napoleonic Wars, Copenhagen entered a period of Neoclassical architectural revival known as the Danish Golden Age. Post-World War II, the city expanded along five railway lines through the Finger Plan.
In recent times, it has developed into a modern city known for its financial services, IT, pharmaceuticals, and green technology. The city is dotted with parks, landmarks like Tivoli Gardens and The Little Mermaid statue, and is famous for its universities, football clubs, and being bicycle-friendly. It’s well-connected by public transport, including a metro system, and is served by the busy Copenhagen Airport.
Source: Wikipedia
Christiansborg Palace
Christiansborg Palace, or simply Borgen, is a significant palace in Copenhagen, Denmark, that serves multiple roles. It’s the location of the Danish Parliament, the Prime Minister’s Office, and the Supreme Court, making it unique as it houses all three branches of the government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Parts of the palace are also used by the Danish monarch, including the Royal Reception Rooms, the Palace Chapel, and the Royal Stables.
The name Christiansborg itself is often used to represent the Danish political system. The current palace is the third on this site, with the first castle built in 1167. It has been the heart of Denmark’s administration since the 1400s, and after 1849, it became the seat of parliament.
The architecture of Christiansborg Palace showcases three different periods, influenced by two major fires in 1794 and 1884. The main part of the palace, completed in 1928, reflects a Neo-baroque style, while the chapel, from 1826, is neoclassical. The showgrounds, dating back to the mid-1700s, are baroque.
Owned by the Danish Government and managed by the Palaces and Properties Agency, Christiansborg Palace is not just a government building but also a historical site open to visitors.
Source: Wikipedia
Rosenborg Castle
Rosenborg Castle is a historic castle in Copenhagen, Denmark, known for its Renaissance architecture. Built in 1606 as a summerhouse, it became a royal residence and was completed in its current form by 1624. It’s recognized for its Dutch Renaissance style and was designed by architects Bertel Lange and Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger.
The castle served as the home of Danish kings until about 1710. It was only used twice after that, both times in emergencies: once after a fire at another palace in 1794, and again during a British attack in 1801.
One of the castle’s highlights is the Long Hall on the third floor, finished in 1624 and initially planned as a ballroom. By 1700, it was a banquet hall and later became known as the “Knight’s Hall.” It features tapestries from the 1670s, a stucco ceiling from the early 1700s with the Danish Coat of Arms, and frescoes by Hendrick Krock.
Visitors can admire the coronation chairs and a collection of 17th-century silver furniture in the Long Hall. The castle also has a museum with royal artifacts from the late 16th to the 19th century, some of which belonged to Danish nobility.
The castle’s treasury showcases the Crown Jewels and the Danish Crown Regalia, including the Throne Chair of Denmark. The castle garden, Kongens Have, is Denmark’s oldest royal garden and a popular spot for locals and tourists, drawing around 2.5 million visitors annually. The Royal Life Guards are stationed next to the castle and are responsible for its protection.
Source: Wikipedia
Frederiksborg Castle
Frederiksborg Castle is a majestic complex located in Hillerød, Denmark. Originally built in the early 17th century for King Christian IV, it replaced an older structure and became Scandinavia’s grandest Renaissance home. The castle sits on three small islands surrounded by a lake, with a grand Baroque-style garden.
In 1859, a severe fire damaged the castle, but it was reconstructed using historical plans and artwork. Public donations and contributions from brewer J. C. Jacobsen allowed for a full restoration, and in 1882, it opened as the Danish Museum of National History. Today, it’s open year-round, housing Denmark’s most extensive portrait collection. Visitors can explore many of the castle’s rooms, like the Valdemar Room and Great Hall, both richly decorated and preserved from the fire. During the restoration, a fire truck was even stationed at the castle to ensure safety.
Source: Wikipedia
North Zealand (Danish Riviera)
North Zealand, also known as North Sealand, covers the northern part of Zealand, Denmark’s largest island. Recently dubbed the “Danish Riviera” by tourism authorities, it’s gaining popularity for its three royal castles and attractions like beaches, lakes, and forests. Three forest areas, once royal hunting grounds, are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
With roots tracing back centuries, North Zealand boasts landmarks like Kronborg Castle, rebuilt in 1577, and historical sites dating to the Danish Reformation. Industrialization in the 18th century saw towns like Frederiksværk flourish, while the 20th century marked the rise of its coastal areas as holiday spots, especially for Copenhagen residents.
North Zealand’s cultural richness includes famous sites like Kronborg Castle and Frederiksborg Palace, alongside museums and charming fishing villages-turned-resorts. Its diverse landscape features lakes, woodlands, and outdoor activities like hiking and birdwatching.
Recognized by UNESCO in 2015, North Zealand’s “par force hunting landscape” underscores its historical and environmental importance. Meanwhile, the Mølleå Valley showcases its industrial heritage.
Source: Wikipedia
Kronborg Castle
Kronborg Castle, located in Helsingør, Denmark, is famed for being the setting of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and is a celebrated Renaissance castle listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Perched on Zealand’s northeastern tip, it overlooks the narrow Øresund strait, which was once part of Denmark and is a mere 4 kilometers wide, making Kronborg a key defense point for the Baltic Sea’s entrance.
The castle’s origins trace back to the 1420s when it was a fortress named Krogen, built by King Eric VII. It was part of a defense duo with Kärnan fortress across the strait in Helsingborg. Between 1574 and 1585, King Frederick II transformed it into a stunning Renaissance castle, with Flemish architects Hans Hendrik van Paesschen and Anthonis van Obbergen leading the design, and Gert van Groningen overseeing the sculptures.
A devastating fire in 1629 led to its rebuilding by King Christian IV. The castle, which includes a church, was seized by the Swedes in 1658, who took many prized artworks. By 1785, it was repurposed as army barracks, a role it served until 1923. After extensive renovations, Kronborg opened its doors to the public, allowing everyone to explore its rich history and architecture.
Source: Wikipedia
Sweden
Gothenburg
Gothenburg, known in Swedish as Göteborg, is the capital of Västra Götaland County and Sweden’s second-largest city. Located on the west coast by the Kattegat sea area, it has a population of 600,000 in the city and 1.1 million in the metro area.
Founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus, Gothenburg was initially a Dutch trading colony and played a significant role during the Thirty Years’ War. It’s home to Scandinavia’s largest port due to its strategic position at the Göta älv river’s mouth. The city is a hub for education with the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, and for industry with companies like Volvo, AstraZeneca, Ericsson, and SKF headquartered here.
Gothenburg’s main airport is Göteborg Landvetter Airport, located 25 km from the city center. The city is famous for hosting major events like the Gothia Cup, the world’s largest youth football tournament, and the Gothenburg Film Festival, Scandinavia’s leading film festival. It’s also known for its vibrant summer music scene, including the Way Out West Festival.
Source: Wikipedia
Malmö
Malmö, the largest city in Scania, Sweden, ranks as the third-largest city in the country and the sixth in the Nordic region, with a population of 357,377. The greater Malmö area boasts over 700,000 residents, and together with Copenhagen, it forms the Öresund Region of four million people.
Historically an industrial powerhouse, Malmö has reinvented itself since the Öresund Bridge’s completion in 2000, embracing new architectural styles, biotech, and IT industries, and becoming an educational hub with institutions like Malmö University. The city’s population is diverse, with nearly half having a foreign background. Malmö is rich in history, with numerous parks and buildings, and is a key commercial area for western Scania. It’s also known for Malmö FF, a leading football club with a storied legacy in European competitions.
With a temperate climate, Malmö experiences mild winters and rare snowfall. It’s been growing rapidly, with a notable population increase in 2021, and projections suggest it will reach half a million residents by 2050.
Source: Wikipedia
Masthugget Church (Masthuggskyrkan)
Masthugget Church, known in Swedish as Masthuggskyrkan, is an iconic landmark in Gothenburg, Sweden. Constructed in 1914, the church sits atop the Masthugget hill, offering a prominent view near the city’s center and the Göta älv river. The tower alone rises to 60 meters (200 feet), making it a notable feature of the city’s skyline. Designed by Sigfrid Ericson, the church is a fine example of the National Romantic style, which is a part of Nordic architectural tradition. Today, it stands as a symbol of Gothenburg and is a favored spot for visitors.
Source: Wikipedia
Gustaf Adolfs Torg
Gustaf Adolfs Torg, nestled in the heart of Gothenburg, stands as a testament to the city’s rich history and political heritage. Once known as Stortorget, or the Big Square, this central town square was renamed in 1854 to honor King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, the revered founding father of Gothenburg. Dominating the square is a majestic statue of the king, a reminder of his enduring legacy.
The square is flanked by significant buildings that have played pivotal roles in Gothenburg’s development. The City Hall, with its law court extension, is a masterpiece by the renowned architect Gunnar Asplund. Its presence signifies the square’s importance as a center of governance and justice. The Bourse, or Commodity Exchange, constructed in 1849 and designed by Pehr Johan Ekman, once housed the oldest commercial guild and now serves as a gathering place for the city’s assembly.
Göteborg City Hall, completed in 1673 and crafted by the architect Nicodemus Tessin, is another architectural marvel that graces the square. Housing the town council, it stands alongside the functionalist annex, another Asplund creation, showcasing a blend of historical and modern design. The Wenngrenska Villa, characteristic of 18th-century architecture, continues to function as part of the city’s administrative offices.
Source: Wikipedia and goteborg
Norway
Oslo
Oslo, the capital of Norway, is the country’s most populous city, serving as both a county and a municipality. As of 2022, Oslo had a population of over 709,000, with its urban and metropolitan areas housing 1.06 million and 1.55 million people, respectively.
Tracing its roots back to the Viking Age, Oslo was established in 1040 as Ánslo and became a key trading post by 1048. It gained prominence as a bishopric in 1070 and as the capital under King Haakon V around 1300. Its status waned during unions with Denmark but was revived after a fire in 1624 led to its rebuilding near Akershus Fortress, renamed Christiania in honor of King Christian IV. The city reclaimed its original name, Oslo, in 1925 and expanded significantly in 1948 by merging with the larger Aker municipality.
Today, Oslo is Norway’s economic and governmental heart, playing a pivotal role in trade, banking, industry, and maritime activities. It’s recognized as a global city, known for its high quality of life and as a costly place to live. The city has seen rapid growth, largely due to immigration, with a significant portion of its population having a foreign background. Oslo stands out as a vibrant, multicultural hub with a rich history and a dynamic future.
Source: Wikipedia
Frogner Park
Frogner Park, located in Oslo, Norway’s central West End borough of Frogner, is the city’s largest public park, historically part of Frogner Manor. Its attractions include the manor house, now home to Oslo Museum, alongside the Henriette Wegner Pavilion, Frogner Baths, and the renowned Vigeland sculpture installation crafted by Gustav Vigeland. Visitors can also enjoy Frogner stadion, Frognerparken Café, the restaurant Herregårdskroen, and the country’s largest collection of roses, boasting 14,000 plants of 150 species.
Originally part of Oslo’s largest estates, Frogner Manor’s park gradually opened to the public starting in 1904. The 1914 Jubilee Exhibition marked a significant event in its history. The iconic Vigeland sculpture installation, officially part of Frogner Park since 1924, comprises sculptures, bridges, and fountains, though often informally referred to as “Vigeland Park” or “Vigeland Sculpture Park.”
Historically, Frogner Manor’s park evolved from a baroque to a romantic landscape, with city expansion in the 19th century leading to its transformation into a public park. Covering 45 hectares, Frogner Park is the largest in Oslo, attracting between 1 and 2 million visitors annually. Recognized for its cultural and historical significance, it was safeguarded under Norway’s Heritage Act in 2009.
Source: Wikipedia
Viking Ship Museum
The Viking Ship Museum, situated on the Bygdøy peninsula in Oslo, Norway, is set to close temporarily from September 2021 until 2027. Part of the University of Oslo’s Museum of Cultural History, it displays three remarkably preserved Viking era burial ships found in Tune, Gokstad, Oseberg, and the Borre mound cemetery.
Highlights include the fully intact Oseberg ship, discovered in the world’s largest known ship burial, along with the Gokstad and Tune ships. Visitors can also explore various Viking Age artifacts like sledges, beds, wood carvings, and grave goods.
The museum’s inception dates back to 1913 when Swedish professor Gabriel Gustafson proposed a dedicated building for Viking Age discoveries. Architect Arnstein Arneberg’s design won, resulting in halls for the Oseberg, Gokstad, and Tune ships. Completion, delayed by World War II, occurred in 1957, housing most finds, mainly from Oseberg.
Debate persists over a proposal to relocate the ships and artifacts to a new museum in Bjørvika, Oslo. Proponents assure minimal damage during the move, while opponents fear for the artifacts’ preservation. In 2015, the Ministry tasked Statsbygg with expanding Bygdøy’s facilities, awarding Danish firm AART architects the project in April 2016 with their “NAUST” proposal.
Source: Wikipedia
Akershus
Akershus is a county in Norway, with Oslo serving as its administrative hub. Since the Middle Ages, Akershus has been a prominent region in Eastern Norway, named after the Akershus Fortress in Oslo and the medieval farm Aker. Historically, Akershus was a major fiefdom and county encompassing much of Eastern Norway until 1919. Additionally, from the 17th century until 2020, and again from 2024, Akershus held significance as a smaller central county within the Greater Oslo Region. It’s noteworthy that Akershus is Norway’s most populous county, with over 716,000 residents.
Originally, Akershus was one of Norway’s four primary fiefdoms, covering nearly all of Eastern Norway. It transitioned into a main county, also known as Christiania Stift, in 1662, comprising various sub-counties. By 1682, its central regions, including modern Oslo and Akershus, formed the Akershus sub-county within the larger main county. Over time, administrative changes occurred, such as the establishment of Christiania as a separate sub-county in 1842. Despite these shifts, Akershus remained a key administrative entity until its dissolution in 1919, after which it continued as Akershus county (fylke). Notably, the municipality of Aker, central to Akershus, was transferred to Oslo in 1948.
Although Oslo serves as the capital of modern Akershus, the city itself is not located within the county’s borders. In 2020, Akershus merged with Viken, Østfold, and Buskerud counties, only to be re-established with slightly altered borders in 2024. Today, Akershus shares borders with Oslo, Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud, and Østfold, with a brief border with Sweden’s Värmland region.
Source: Wikipedia
Fram Museum
The Fram Museum, or Frammuseet in Norwegian, narrates the tale of Norwegian polar exploration and sits on the Bygdøy peninsula in Oslo, Norway. Situated amidst a cluster of other museums like the Kon-Tiki Museum, the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History, the Viking Ship Museum, and the Norwegian Maritime Museum, it shares space with the Bygdøy Royal Estate and historic Oscarshall.
Opening its doors on May 20, 1936, the Fram Museum pays homage to Norwegian polar exploration, with a special focus on three eminent explorers: Fridtjof Nansen, Otto Sverdrup, and Roald Amundsen. Alongside, it showcases imagery of the polar fauna, featuring majestic creatures like polar bears and penguins.
At the heart of the museum lies the original exploration vessel Fram. Preserving its original interior, visitors are invited to step inside and marvel at its design. Built in 1891 by Scots-Norwegian shipbuilder Colin Archer to Fridtjof Nansen‘s specifications, Fram was funded through a combination of government grants and private contributions.
In 2009, a collaboration between the Norwegian Maritime Museum and the Fram Museum saw the latter assume responsibility for exhibiting the Gjøa, the first ship to traverse the Northwest Passage. Led by Roald Amundsen, this historic journey concluded in 1906 after three years of navigation. Gjøa now occupies its dedicated space within the museum, fully accessible to visitors since 2017.
Source: Wikipedia
Iceland
Reykjavík
Reykjavík is both the capital and largest city of Iceland, situated in the southwestern part of the country along the southern shore of Faxaflói bay. With its latitude at 64°08′ N, Reykjavík holds the distinction of being the world’s northernmost capital of a sovereign state. As of 2023, Reykjavík’s population stands at approximately 140,000, with the wider Capital Region encompassing around 248,000 inhabitants.
History traces Reykjavík back to 874 AD, believed to be the site of Iceland’s first permanent settlement founded by Ingólfr Arnarson. However, urban development did not emerge until the 18th century. The city officially took shape in 1786 as a trading hub, experiencing steady growth thereafter to become a pivotal center for commerce, population, and governance, first regionally and then nationally.
Today, Reykjavík serves as the nucleus of Iceland’s cultural, economic, and governmental activities, drawing visitors from around the globe who are attracted to its pristine environment and safety. Renowned for its cleanliness and green spaces, Reykjavík stands out as one of the world’s cleanest, greenest, and safest cities, making it a sought-after destination for tourists.
Source: Wikipedia
Thingvellir
Þingvellir, anglicized as Thingvellir, served as the venue for Iceland’s Alþing, or national parliament, from 930 until its final session in 1798. Following this, the parliament moved to Alþingishúsið in Reykjavík in 1881.
Today, Þingvellir is a national park located in the Bláskógabyggð municipality in southwestern Iceland, approximately 40 km (25 miles) northeast of Reykjavík, the capital. It holds immense historical, cultural, and geological significance, attracting numerous tourists annually. Positioned within a rift valley atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, it marks the juncture between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. Adjacent to the park lies Þingvallavatn, Iceland’s largest natural lake.
Established in 1930 to commemorate the Althing’s 1000th anniversary, Thingvellir National Park, or þjóðgarðurinn á Þingvöllum, was later expanded to safeguard the diverse natural phenomena in its surroundings. In recognition of its importance, the park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
Source: Wikipedia
The Great Geysir
The Great Geysir, located in southwestern Iceland, is a natural phenomenon that is believed to have begun forming around 1150 CE according to geological studies. It is noteworthy that the English term “geyser,” referring to a hot spring that periodically erupts, originates from the name Geysir itself, derived from the Icelandic verb “geysa,” meaning “to go quickly forward.” Situated in the Haukadalur valley on the slopes of the Laugarfjall lava dome, Geysir shares its home with the Strokkur geyser, located approximately 50 meters (160 feet) to the south. This geothermal field is commonly referred to as either Geysir or Haukadalur.
Eruptions at Geysir can send scalding water shooting up to 60 meters (200 feet) into the sky. However, such eruptions have become infrequent in recent times, with periods of dormancy lasting for many years.
Source: Wikipedia
Gullfoss Waterfall
Gullfoss, meaning “Golden Falls,” is a cherished natural wonder of Iceland situated in the Hvítá river canyon. Fed by the Langjökull glacier, the Hvítá river cascades 32 meters (105 feet) over Gullfoss’ two tiers, offering a stunning display of nature’s power. Conveniently located along the Golden Circle route, it’s a must-visit destination for tourists exploring Iceland.
This remarkable waterfall consists of two distinct cascades, with the initial drop measuring 11 meters (36 feet) and the subsequent descent at 21 meters (69 feet). Enclosed by towering canyon walls reaching up to 70 meters (230 feet), the waterfall forms the majestic Gullfossgjúfur canyon, shaped by ancient glacial activity.
During summer, Gullfoss witnesses a flow of 140 cubic meters (459 cubic feet) per second, which slightly reduces to 109 cubic meters (358 cubic feet) in winter. The powerful flow creates a misty spray that envelops visitors who venture too close to the thundering cascade.
As part of the famed Golden Circle tour, Gullfoss shares the spotlight with attractions like the Geysir geothermal area and Þingvellir National Park. Many tours also offer additional adventures stemming from Gullfoss, such as ascending the Langjökull glacier or embarking on snowmobiling expeditions across its icy expanse.
Source: Guide to Iceland
Seljalandsfoss
Seljalandsfoss, a stunning waterfall in Iceland’s South Coast, stands tall at 60 meters (200 feet) and offers a unique experience – you can walk all the way around it. Fed by the river Seljalandsá, this majestic waterfall originates beneath the Eyjafjallajökull glacier, infamous for its 2010 eruption that disrupted air travel in Europe. Despite its narrow cascade, Seljalandsfoss is an iconic sight, perched where the coastline once stood, now visible across lowlands from the site.
What sets Seljalandsfoss apart is its walkway that wraps around it, allowing visitors to fully encircle the falls, though be prepared for misty air that can make the path slippery. Floodlights installed in 2001 enhance the view, illuminating the falls at night. And while Seljalandsfoss draws crowds, nearby Gljúfrabúi waterfall, partially hidden behind a rock face, offers a quieter alternative, often dubbed the hidden gem of the scene.
Travelers often pair Seljalandsfoss with a visit to Skógafoss, another impressive waterfall nearby, known for its steep drop and legendary tales of hidden treasures. Together, these waterfalls create a captivating experience for visitors exploring Iceland’s natural wonders.
Source: Guide to Iceland
Skógafoss
Skógafoss, a prominent waterfall on Iceland’s Skógá River, stands as a testament to the country’s dynamic landscape. Once marking the coastline, the waterfall now sits about 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the sea, with former sea cliffs stretching parallel to the coast, delineating the boundary between lowlands and the Highlands of Iceland.
Impressively large, Skógafoss boasts a width of 25 meters (82 feet) and a dramatic drop of 60 meters (200 feet). Its thundering cascade creates a constant mist, often forming vibrant rainbows on sunny days. However, visitors should beware of getting soaked if they venture too close to the powerful spray. Legend has it that the waterfall guards a Viking treasure, hidden by Þrasi Þórólfsson, the area’s first settler, in a cave behind the falls.
On the eastern side of Skógafoss, a hiking trail beckons adventurers to explore the rugged beauty of the surrounding area. The trail leads up to the Fimmvörðuháls pass, nestled between the Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull glaciers, before descending into the enchanting Þórsmörk valley. For the more intrepid, the trail continues as the Laugavegur route, offering a breathtaking journey to Landmannalaugar. A staircase comprising 527 steps also offers a challenging ascent to the top of the waterfall, rewarding climbers with panoramic views of the cascading waters and the surrounding wilderness.
Source: Wikipedia
Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach
Reynisfjara, situated along Iceland’s South Coast near the village of Vik í Myrdal, is renowned for its striking black-sand beach, massive basalt columns, and crashing Atlantic waves. This picturesque spot has earned accolades, including a place on National Geographic’s list of the top non-tropical beaches worldwide in 1991.
Located about 112 miles (180 kilometers) from Reykjavik, Iceland’s capital, Reynisfjara is a popular destination for sightseeing tours along the South Coast. Accessible by a straightforward drive of approximately two and a half hours on Route 1, it’s a feasible day trip, offering ample time to explore its natural wonders along with nearby attractions.
Upon arrival, visitors are greeted by Reynisdrangar, towering basalt sea stacks just off the coastline. According to local folklore, these formations are trolls frozen in stone after attempting to pull ships ashore, thwarted by the dawn’s light. Reynisfjara’s unique landscape also serves as a haven for nesting seabirds, including puffins, fulmars, and guillemots, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
Reynisfjara’s strategic location makes it an ideal stop for travelers circumnavigating Iceland via the Ring Road or heading towards the Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon. Along the way, adventurers can marvel at nearby natural wonders such as Seljalandsfoss and Skogafoss waterfalls, Eyjafjallajokull and Myrdalsjokull glaciers, and the diverse landscapes of Vatnajokull National Park and Skaftafell Nature Reserve. Whether for its dramatic coastal vistas, rich folklore, or abundant wildlife, Reynisfjara offers an unforgettable experience amidst Iceland’s captivating scenery.
Source: Guide to Iceland
Blue Lagoon
The Blue Lagoon, situated on the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwest Iceland, stands as the country’s premier attraction, drawing visitors from across the globe. Originating as wastewater from the Svartsengi geothermal plant in 1976, it gained popularity when Valur Margeirsson took the first plunge in 1981, despite initial skepticism about bathing in what seemed like a “blue mud pool.” Soon, its unique healing properties, particularly beneficial for conditions like psoriasis, became widely recognized.
Since its humble beginnings, the Blue Lagoon has evolved into a luxurious spa complex, complete with research facilities and two hotels. Its healing qualities stem from the water’s high silica and sulfur content, with on-site research continuously exploring remedies for various skin ailments. Guests can enjoy the therapeutic waters, apply silica mud face masks, and indulge in amenities like the LAVA Restaurant, Blue Café, and Lagoon Spa without leaving the premises.
Surrounded by stunning volcanic landscapes, the Blue Lagoon offers a romantic and rejuvenating retreat year-round. However, due to its popularity and limited capacity, advanced booking is essential. While the requirement for public naked showers before entering may be discomforting for some, it aligns with Icelandic hygiene standards and cultural norms. For budget-conscious travelers, alternative spas and natural hot pools provide more affordable options for relaxation and rejuvenation.
Source: Guide to Iceland
Reykjavik Art Museum
The Reykjavik Art Museum, established in 1973, stands as Iceland’s largest visual art institution, spread across three locations in Reykjavík: Hafnarhús, Kjarvalsstaðir, and Ásmundarsafn. Boasting the country’s most extensive art collection and spacious gallery areas totaling over 3000 square meters, the museum hosts around twenty exhibitions annually, showcasing both its own collection and contemporary works by emerging international artists.
The museum offers a diverse range of events throughout the year, including family programs, student-guided tours, and collaborations with various cultural festivals encompassing music, film, design, and literature. While the city of Reykjavík oversees the museum’s management and funding, the institution stewards five distinct art collections, including works by renowned Icelandic artists such as Erró, Jóhannes S. Kjarval, and Ásmundur Sveinsson.
Hafnarhús, a former harbor warehouse renovated in 2000, features six galleries, a courtyard, and a multipurpose room hosting a variety of events. The building showcases the Erró collection, highlighting the vibrant pop art of the Icelandic painter. Kjarvalsstaðir, named after beloved painter Jóhannes S. Kjarval, presents his works alongside temporary exhibitions of Icelandic and international art, architecture, and design. Ásmundarsafn, dedicated to sculptor Ásmundur Sveinsson, displays his sculptures and drawings thematically, both indoors and in the surrounding sculpture garden.
Source: Wikipedia
Reykjavik Family Park & Zoo
Reykjavik Family Park & Zoo, also known as Fjolskyldu- og Husdyragardurinn in Icelandic, is a delightful destination nestled close to Reykjavik’s heart. Initially, it started as two separate entities: the Reykjavik Zoo in 1990, focusing on Icelandic domestic animals, and the Family Park a year later, offering rides and fun. Soon after, they merged into one captivating spot.
Visiting Reykjavik Family Park & Zoo is a must during your Reykjavik stay or as part of your Icelandic adventure. You can grab a 24-hour Reykjavik City Card for free access to the park, along with several museums and galleries. The park welcomes guests daily, all year round, with slightly extended hours on Wednesdays during the summer.
Inside the zoo, you’ll encounter a diverse array of animals, from the iconic Icelandic sheep to the elusive Arctic fox, the sturdy Icelandic horse, and even seals along Iceland’s coastline. There are also reindeer, minks (introduced but now wild), and domestic cats, each contributing to Iceland’s unique fauna.
Meanwhile, the Family Park promises endless entertainment with its themed rides and attractions. Kids love the drop tower named Ratatoskur, inspired by Norse mythology, and the Junior Driving School, where they can learn about driving laws before hitting the road. The park also offers a novelty train, Tanngrisnir, and various other amusements. And if you’re looking for more activities nearby, Laugardalur offers the Reykjavik Botanical Garden, Laugardalslaug Swimming Pool, the Asmundarsafn Museum, and the Kringlan Shopping Mall.
Source: Guide to Iceland
Finland
Helsinki
Helsinki, the capital and largest city of Finland, sits on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and serves as the administrative center of the Uusimaa region in southern Finland. With a population of approximately 675,000 in the municipality, 1.25 million in the capital region, and 1.58 million in the metropolitan area, it holds significant importance in politics, education, finance, culture, and research in Finland. Located strategically, Helsinki shares historical ties with Tallinn, Riga, Stockholm, and Saint Petersburg.
Together with neighboring cities like Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen, along with commuter towns and Sipoo to the east, Helsinki forms the metropolitan area, known as Finland’s only metropolis and the northernmost metropolitan area globally with over a million residents. As the northernmost capital of an EU member state, Helsinki ranks third in size among Nordic municipalities, following Stockholm and Oslo, with the second largest urban area in the Nordic region after Stockholm. Helsinki Airport, situated in nearby Vantaa, facilitates frequent flights to various destinations worldwide.
Helsinki boasts a bilingual environment, with Finnish and Swedish as official languages. The population composition includes 75% Finnish speakers, 5% Swedish speakers, and 20% speakers of other languages. Recognized for its high standard of urban living, Helsinki has garnered accolades such as being ranked the world’s most livable city by Monocle magazine in 2011 and placing ninth out of 140 cities in the Economist Intelligence Unit’s 2016 liveability survey. Time magazine named Helsinki one of the world’s greatest places in 2021, praising its potential as a cultural hub and its environmental initiatives. Additionally, Helsinki has earned recognition for its friendliness, tourism appeal, and status as a major port city, being rated the world’s busiest passenger port in 2017.
Source: Wikipedia
Uspenski Cathedral
Uspenski Cathedral, also known as Uspenskin katedraali in Finnish and Uspenskijkatedralen in Swedish, is a Greek Orthodox cathedral located in Helsinki, Finland. Serving as the main cathedral of the Orthodox Church of Finland, it is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos, or the Virgin Mary. The name “Uspenski” is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word “uspenie,” meaning the Dormition. It holds the distinction of being the largest Greek Orthodox church in Northern Europe.
The cathedral’s construction was initiated after Helsinki became the capital of Finland in 1812, following a decree by Alexander I in 1814. Fifteen percent of the salt import tax was allocated for the construction of two churches: one Lutheran and one Orthodox. Completed in 1868, Uspenski Cathedral was designed by Russian architect Aleksey Gornostayev and overseen by architect Ivan Varnek. Its construction was funded by parishioners and private donors, with 700,000 bricks sourced from the demolished Bomarsund Fortress.
Perched on the Katajanokka peninsula, the cathedral overlooks the city and features a plaque commemorating Russian Emperor Alexander II, the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Finland during its construction. As the main cathedral of the Finnish Orthodox Church in the diocese of Helsinki, Uspenski Cathedral is considered the largest orthodox church in Western Europe. Drawing about half a million tourists annually, admission to the cathedral is free, though it is closed on Mondays during the winter months.
Source: Wikipedia
Kamppi Chapel
The Kamppi Chapel, also known as the “Chapel of Silence,” sits in the bustling Kamppi neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland, right on Narinkka Square. It’s a serene space designed for anyone seeking a moment of calm amidst the city’s hustle and bustle. Unlike traditional churches, it doesn’t hold regular services but plans to host moments of prayer in the future.
Operated through a partnership between the Helsinki Parish Union and the City of Helsinki’s Social Services Department, with involvement from neighboring cities’ parish unions, the chapel is open to all, regardless of their beliefs or backgrounds. Its design, both inside and out, is simple and neutral, resembling a multi-faith prayer room, welcoming everyone to find solace within its walls.
Designed by architects Kimmo Lintula, Niko Sirola, and Mikko Summanen of K2S Architects Ltd., the chapel was built as part of the World Design Capital program in 2012. Recognized with the International Architecture Awards in 2010, it quickly became a beloved landmark, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors within its first years. CNN praised its contemporary architecture, highlighting how it captivates and inspires all who encounter it.
Source: Wikipedia
Kiasma
Kiasma, situated on Mannerheimintie in Helsinki, Finland, is a contemporary art museum that forms a part of the Finnish National Gallery. Designed by architect Steven Holl, its name, “kiasma,” a Finnish term for chiasma, reflects the central idea behind its architecture. The museum’s primary aim is to exhibit contemporary art and bolster its significance within the art world.
Originally established in 1990 as the Museum of Contemporary Art, the collection initially found its home in Ateneum. In 1992, an architectural competition was launched to design a dedicated building for the museum, attracting entries from Nordic, Baltic, and international architects, including Steven Holl, Alvaro Siza, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and Kazuo Shinohara. Holl’s design, named Chiasma, was chosen from over 500 submissions, though it faced controversy due to its proximity to the equestrian statue of Finnish President Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. Construction commenced in 1996, and Kiasma opened its doors in May 1998.
Over the years, Kiasma has garnered significant attention, attracting between 160,000 to 180,000 visitors annually between 2011 and 2013. Following a brief closure for renovations in September 2014, the museum reopened in March 2015, experiencing a surge in visitors, with over 310,000 recorded in 2016. Its diverse collections boast works by approximately 8,000 artists, including notable names like Honoré Daumier and Karel Dujardin, showcasing the breadth and depth of contemporary artistic expression.
Source: Wikipedia
Sibelius Monument
The Sibelius Monument, created by Finnish artist Eila Hiltunen, pays homage to the renowned Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. Situated in Sibelius Park, Helsinki, it was unveiled in 1967 after winning a competition organized by the Sibelius Society following the composer’s death in 1957. Hiltunen’s design, titled Passio Musicae, faced initial criticism for its abstract form resembling organ pipes, a medium Sibelius rarely composed for. In response, Hiltunen added Sibelius’s face to the sculpture to address these concerns.
The monument, composed of over 600 hollow steel pipes welded together in a flowing pattern, stands as a testament to Sibelius’s musical legacy. Weighing 24 tonnes and measuring 8.5 by 10.5 by 6.5 meters, its design aims to capture the essence of Sibelius’s music. A smaller version, known as Homage to Sibelius, can be found at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, while another similar work by Hiltunen graces the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
In addition to the Sibelius Monument, Sibelius Park also hosts another significant sculpture. In 1939, the Leo and Regina Wainstein Foundation held a competition for sculptors to depict a scene from Finland’s national epic, The Kalevala. Aarre Aaltonen’s winning piece, Ilmatar and the Scaup, crafted in bronze, was unveiled in the park in 1946.
Source: Wikipedia
Porvoo
Porvoo, located on Finland’s southern coast, is a picturesque city with a population of approximately 51,000. It holds historical significance as one of Finland’s medieval towns and is known for its well-preserved Old Town, featuring charming 18th- and 19th-century buildings and the iconic Porvoo Cathedral. The city, bilingual in Finnish and Swedish, serves as the seat of the Swedish-speaking Diocese of Borgå.
The nearby village of Fiskars, originally an ironworks in the 1600s, has evolved into a vibrant community of artisans and artists. Visitors can explore its winding trails, visit the local museum, and enjoy craft demonstrations at Onoma showroom. The village is also home to Fiskarsin Panimo brewery and The Ägräs Distillery, offering unique beverages made from local ingredients.
To reach Porvoo, travelers can take a 45-minute bus ride from Helsinki or opt for a scenic boat trip aboard the historic M/S J. L. Runeberg during the summer months. Once there, they can explore the Old Wooden Town, indulge in culinary delights at renowned restaurants like Sicapelle and Bistro Sinne, and browse antique shops along the narrow cobblestone streets. Outdoor enthusiasts can venture into The National Urban Park to experience the city’s cultural and natural wonders.
Source: Wikipedia
